Contact apparatus and charging contact unit, and method for electrically connecting a vehicle to a charging station

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a contact apparatus (11) and to a charging contact unit (12) for a rapid-charging system for electrically driven vehicles, in particular electric buses or the like, and to a method for forming an electrically conductive connection between a vehicle and a stationary charging station, wherein the contact apparatus serves to form an electrically conductive connection between the vehicle and the stationary charging station comprising a charging contact unit, wherein the to contact apparatus can be arranged on a vehicle, wherein the contact apparatus comprises a contact device (14), wherein the contact device can make contact with the charging contact unit, wherein the contact apparatus or the charging contact unit comprises a positioning device (15), wherein the contact device can be positioned relative to the charging contact unit by means of the positioning device, wherein the contact device has a contact element support (16) comprising contact elements, wherein the contact elements can make contact with the charging contact elements of the charging contact unit so as to form contact pairs, wherein the contact elements are arranged on the contact element support relative to the charging contact elements in such a manner that a defined order is maintained when forming contact pairs when the contact device and the charging contact unit are joined.

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/908,668 filed on Jan. 29, 2016, which is a National Stage of PCT/EP2014/066982 filed on Aug. 7, 2014, which claims priority to DE 10 2013 013 201.0 filed Aug. 9, 2013, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF INVENTION

The invention relates to a contact apparatus and to a charging contact unit that can be connected to the contact apparatus, and to a method for forming an electrically conductive connection between a vehicle and a stationary charging station, in particular for a rapid-charging system for electrically driven vehicles, such as electric buses or the like, comprising the contact apparatus and the charging contact unit, wherein the contact apparatus can be arranged on a vehicle, wherein the contact apparatus comprises a contact device, wherein the contact device can make contact with the charging contact unit, wherein the contact apparatus or the charging contact unit comprises a positioning device, wherein the contact device can be positioned relative to the charging contact unit by means of the positioning device, wherein the contact device has a contact element support comprising contact elements, wherein the contact elements can make contact with charging contact elements of the charging contact unit so as to form contact pairs.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Contact apparatuses, charging contact units and methods of this kind are known from the state of the art and are commonly employed for rapid charging of electrically driven vehicles at a stop or stopping place. Electrically driven vehicles used in local transport, such as buses, can be continuously supplied with electrical energy via an overhead wire, for example. However, that requires an overhead-wire system to be present and maintained. To be able to use the advantages of an electric drive without a network of overhead wires, it is known to equip means of public transport with batteries or with another kind of energy storage. These present the disadvantages of a limited range of the vehicle and of the batteries needing to be recharged after a comparatively short time of travel. However, continuous operation of the vehicle can be ensured if the batteries can be rapidly charged during a stop of the vehicle at stopping place.

In this context, different systems for forming an electrically conductive connection between a charging station, which is stationarily arranged in the area of a stopping place, and a vehicle or electric bus are known from the state of the art. For instance, a so-called current collector comprising a contact strip may be arranged on a roof of the electric bus, a rail running lengthwise in the direction of travel of the electric bus being suspended above a driving lane in the area of the stopping place. When the electric bus stops at the stopping place, the current collector is moved from the roof of the bus upward against the rail, and an electric connection is thus formed for the duration of the planned stop of the electric bus at the stopping place so that rapid charging can take place during this period. However, in particular two mutually independent current collectors and corresponding contacting areas at the rail are required in order to be able to form a charging circuit.

Furthermore, it is known to arrange multiple contact elements on a current collector that are realized as a contact strip and to bring them into contact with a corresponding number of parallel rails arranged in the direction of travel of the electric bus. In this way, it is possible to produce a greater number of contact pairs simultaneously with a single current collector or a single contact apparatus. Electrical connecting lines additionally formed in this way between the charging station and the vehicle can be used to control and monitor a charging process, for example.

In another known rapid-charging system, a contact apparatus is arranged on a roof of an electric bus in such a manner that an arm that can be connected to a charging contact unit that is integrated in a superstructure of the stopping place or in a building can be extended perpendicularly to the direction of travel of the electric bus. In this context, it is particularly disadvantageous that the electric bus has to be positioned by a driver in a particularly exact manner in a predefined position at such a stopping place in order to be able to form a connection at all between the electric bus and the charging station.

Alternatively, a rapid-charging system can also be designed in such a manner that a charging contact unit at the charging station is lowered toward a roof of an electric bus. In that case, the charging contact unit is first brought into contact with the roof of the electric bus, wherein the electric bus is subsequently positioned relative to the charging contact unit in the direction of travel in such a manner that the charging contact unit is guided to a rail arranged on the roof. The rail is provided with corresponding contacts for forming an electrical connection. In this context, it is particularly disadvantageous that all stops of a bus line have to be equipped with a technically comparatively complex positionable charging contact unit. In comparison, the use of a stationary charging contact unit that does not have a special mechanical movement mechanism is substantially more cost-effective.

However, a number of problems can also occur in stationary charging contact units or rails that are arranged above or laterally of an electric bus stopping at a stopping place. In particular as a function of a payload of the electric bus, the electric bus may be positioned deeper or higher relative to the charging contact unit during a stop. When the electric bus is lowered on the entry side to assist the passengers in entering the bus, then too, the contact apparatus or the used contact strips shift relative to a charging contact unit or rail, an electrical contact possibly being interrupted. If parallel rails are used, it is necessary in that case as well, by the way, to position the electric bus in a relatively exact manner in a designated area at the stopping place. A position diverging from the designated position of the electric bus and a one-sided lateral lowering of the electric bus may prevent a successful contact or connection between the vehicle and the charging station and present a significant risk potential. For instance, conductors may be unintentionally contacted or connected and short circuits may occur, which may damage components of the rapid-charging system or harm people in the vicinity.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Thus, the object of the present invention is to provide a contact apparatus and a charging contact unit and a method for forming an electrically conductive connection between a vehicle and a charging station that allow safely forming a contact while keeping the operation of the means of transport cost-effective.

This object is attained by a contact apparatus having the features of claim 1, by a charging contact unit having the features of claim 11, by a rapid-charging system having the features of claim 17 and by a method having the features of claim 18.

The contact apparatus according to the invention for a rapid-charging system for electrically driven vehicles, in particular electric buses or the like, serves to form an electrically conductive connection between a vehicle and a stationary charging station comprising a charging contact unit, wherein the contact apparatus can be arranged on a vehicle, wherein the contact apparatus comprises a contact device, wherein the contact device can make contact with the charging contact unit, wherein the contact apparatus or the charging contact unit comprises a positioning device, wherein the contact device can be positioned relative to the charging contact unit by means of the positioning device, wherein the contact device has a contact element support comprising contact elements, wherein the contact elements can make contact with charging contact elements of the charging contact unit so as to form contact pairs, wherein the contact elements are arranged on the contact element support relative to the charging contact elements in such a manner that a defined order is maintained when forming contact pairs when contact devices and the charging contact unit are joined.

Thus, when an electric bus, for example, stops at a stopping place, the contact device can be moved by means of the positioning device and can be moved toward the charging contact unit preferably in a vertical direction and can be joined with said charging contact unit. In principle, it is also possible that the charging contact unit comprises the positioning device and is moved toward the contact device by means of the positioning device. A charging contact formed in this manner between the charging station and the vehicle comprises at least two contact pairs, each consisting of a contact element and an associated charging contact element of the charging contact unit, a first contact pair being formed prior to another contact pair. It is in particular envisaged that the contact elements are arranged on the contact element support in such a manner that there is an inevitable order to the formation of the contact pairs. In the apparatuses known from the state of the art, contact pairs may be formed in a delayed manner as well, but the delay is unintentional or cannot be ascribed to the arrangement of the contact elements on the contact element support. The arrangement of the contact elements on, the contact element support thus ensures that the order of formation of the contact pairs is always inevitably maintained when the contact device and the charging contact unit are joined and that it cannot be easily changed, either, owing to the geometrical arrangement of the contact elements. The arrangement of the contact elements thus defines the order of formation of the contact pairs. In this way, it can in particular also be ensured that no unintentional or wrong contact or formation of contact pairs occurs between contact elements and charging contact elements that do not belong together. It is conceivable then, for example, to first test a contact pair formed first by means of measurement technology, if needed, before another contact pair is formed or electrical energy is fed through the contact pairs. Alternatively, the first contact pair can also serve to be connected to a neutral conductor or to a similar conductor ensuring electrical connection safety. The defined contact order formed in this manner allows making a process of contact formation between the contact apparatus and a charging contact unit substantially safer.

In one embodiment, the contact device can be arranged on a roof of a vehicle, which may be the roof of an electric bus or of a tramway car, for example. It may also be envisaged, for example, to position the contact device on the roof of the vehicle in such a manner that it is arranged on a driver side of the roof of the vehicle in the direction of travel. In this way, it is substantially easier for a driver of the vehicle to position the contact apparatus below a charging contact unit because it or its position is in the driver's line of sight.

In another embodiment, the contact device may be arranged on an underside of the vehicle. Consequently, it is possible to form a connecting contact below a vehicle, too, wherein the charging contact unit can then be integrated within a road pavement or in the area of a curb. The charging contact unit can then be supplied with electrical energy only when the vehicle covers it, preventing people from coming into contact with the charging contact unit, or when a first contact pair has been established between the charging contact unit and the contact device.

The contact element support can form two, preferably three or more positioning surfaces, which are designed to match the contact surfaces of the charging contact unit for coming into contact with the contact element support. The positioning surfaces of the contact element support can then come to fit closely to the contact surfaces of the charging contact unit so that the contact element support can be accurately positioned into its designated position in the charging contact unit when the contact device and the charging contact unit are joined. The positioning surfaces may in particular have a geometry or relative arrangement to one another that matches the contact surfaces in such a manner that a secure joining of the contact device and the charging contact unit into a defined contact position is ensured.

The positioning device can have a pantograph or a swing arm, by means of which the contact device can be positioned relative to the charging contact unit or to the vehicle in the vertical direction. In case of a swing arm, an additional linkage may be provided, which stabilizes the contact device relative to the charging contact unit and/or aligns it in the appropriate direction. A pantograph or a swing arm or a corresponding mechanical drive can be produced in a particularly simple and cost-effective way.

The positioning device can have a transverse guide, by means of which the contact element support can be positioned transversely relative to the charging contact unit or to the direction of travel of the vehicle. The transverse guide can be optionally arranged on the vehicle or on a pantograph or a swing arm of the positioning device. In both cases, the positioning device or a contact element support arrangeable on the positioning device can thus be displaced transversely to the direction of travel of the vehicle. For example, this displaceability allows an incorrect positioning of the vehicle at a stopping place to be compensated transversely to the direction of travel. Moreover, potential movements of the vehicle due to a one-sided lowering of the vehicle for entry and exit of passengers can be compensated in such a manner that the contact element support does not shift relative to the charging contact unit in the transverse direction.

The transverse guide may also be arranged at a distal end of the pantograph or of the swing arm. Thus, it is no longer necessary for the swing arm or the pantograph to be moved transversely to the direction of travel; instead, it is sufficient to move only the contact element support on the transverse guide. Thus, a mass to be moved is reduced. Also, a smaller torque and no longer any substantial perpendicular forces act on a pantograph or a swing arm. Preferably, the transverse guide can be permanently mounted directly to a distal upper end of the pantograph or of the swing arm so that the contact element support can be moved on the transverse guide. The transverse guide can be realized as a straight linear guide or as a curved linear guide. The curved linear guide can then lo have a radius of a curve that corresponds to a height of the transverse guide above a roadway.

It is particularly advantageous if the contact element support is arranged in a freely displaceable manner on the transverse guide. This freely displaceable arrangement of the contact element support significantly simplifies compensation in case of tilting of the vehicle transversely to the direction of travel due to one-sided lowering. In case of tilting, the positioning device is inclined laterally, i.e. transversely to the direction of travel, the contact element support staying connected to the charging contact unit and being displaced on the transverse guide. The transverse guide may be designed in such a manner that it is formed as a guide rail or comprises guide profiles for the contact element support. Furthermore, it may be envisaged to center the contact element support on the transverse guide, i.e. to align it centrally relative to the transverse guide in the rest position by means of a spring device.

The contact elements can be bolt-shaped, wherein the contact elements can be elastically mounted on the contact element support. In this way, the contact elements are particularly simple to produce, wherein the elastic mounting can be implemented by means of a simple pressure spring within one contact element. Consequently, a punctual contact with a charging contact element can be formed under spring pre-tension. Furthermore, it may also be envisaged that a plurality of contact elements is provided for a power contact pair, for example. This is particularly expedient if the charging contact elements have a relatively large surface so that a larger current can be safely transmitted via the bolt-shaped contact elements. Preferably, two contact elements may be provided for each phase or for each power contact. In deviation from the previously described embodiment, it may also be envisaged to not realize the contact elements on the contact element support in a bolt shape, but to equip the charging contact unit with bolt-shaped charging contact elements and vice-versa.

In A formation of contact pairs at time intervals can be realized in a particularly simple manner by means of at least two contact elements that protrude at different heights relative to a surface or to positioning surfaces of the contact element support. The different heights of the respective contact elements relative to the surface or to the positioning surfaces inevitably lead to a contact order in which the contact element protruding highest is the first to make contact with a charging contact element. Independently thereof, it is possible to arrange each contact element on a different positioning surface of the contact element support, wherein the positioning surfaces can then be realized relative to one another in such a manner that the relative arrangement of the positioning surfaces with the contact elements alone results in a contact order different from one another without the contact elements necessarily needing to have different heights relative to the positioning surfaces.

Also, at least one contact element can be locked to one charging contact element. The locking may take place by a form-fitting and/or force-fitting connection of the respective elements, the locking precluding movement of the contact element relative to the charging contact element and vice-versa. Thus, an unintentional movement of the vehicle cannot lead to a separation of the contact pairs or of the connection between the contact element and the charging contact element, either. Locking of the elements can be advantageously used in particular to produce a secure data connection between the vehicle and the stationary charging station. For example, it may then also be envisaged to realize the contact apparatus with five contact pairs or contact poles.

The charging contact unit according to the invention for a rapid-charging system for electrically driven vehicles, in particular electric buses or the like, serves to form an electrically conductive connection between a vehicle comprising a contact apparatus and a stationary charging station comprising the charging contact unit, wherein the contact apparatus is arranged on a vehicle, wherein the contact apparatus comprises a contact device, wherein the contact device can make contact with the charging contact unit, wherein the contact apparatus or the charging contact unit comprises a positioning device, wherein the contact device can be positioned relative to the charging contact unit by means of the positioning device, wherein the contact device has a contact element support comprising contact elements, wherein the contact elements can make contact with charging contact elements of the charging contact unit so as to form contact pairs, wherein the charging contact elements are arranged on the charging contact unit relative to the contact elements in such a manner that a defined order is maintained when forming contact pairs when the contact device and the charging contact unit are joined.

The charging contact unit is realized in such a manner that it can be connected to the contact apparatus to form an electrically conductive connection. With regard to the advantageous effects of the charging contact unit according to the invention, reference is made to the description of advantages of the contact apparatus according to the invention.

The charging contact unit can form a receiving opening for the contact device, wherein the contact device can be inserted into the receiving opening of the charging contact unit. The receiving opening can preferably be V-shaped. In case the contact element support shifts relative to the receiving opening when the contact device and the charging contact unit are being joined, the V-shape of the receiving opening causes the contact element support to be centered.

In this way, the receiving opening can form a guide for the contact device when the contact device and the charging contact unit are joined. Potential positional deviations of the vehicle stopping at a stopping place from a designated stopping position can thus be easily compensated in that the contact element support is guided into a contact position at the charging contact unit by the receiving opening.

The charging contact unit can be composed of a charging contact element to support and of the charging contact elements, wherein the charging contact element support can be made of a plastic material. In this case, production of the charging contact unit is particularly cost effective and simple. For instance, the charging contact element support can also be made of plastic in one piece. In this case, the charging contact elements is can be inserted into the charging contact element support or into designated mounts or recesses.

Furthermore, the charging contact unit can be realized as a roof-shaped longitudinal rail that can be arranged in a direction of travel of the vehicle. In this case, the charging contact elements can be arranged on an underside of the roof-shaped longitudinal rail so that the charging contact elements are not directly exposed to the effects of the weather. Also, the roof-shaped longitudinal rail can have a relatively long shape, making an exact positioning of the vehicle at a stopping place unnecessary. Also, the roof-shaped longitudinal rail can preferably be open at its ends so that the contact element support can be inserted into and pulled out of the roof-shaped longitudinal rail in the direction of travel.

The charging contact elements can be advantageously realized as a conductor strip. In this way, the charging contact elements can form a relatively large contactable surface for the contact elements. Also, a conductor strip is simple to produce, such as by using a semi-finished product as the conductor strip. Vice-versa, it is also possible to realize the contact elements on the contact element support as conductor strips and to realize the charging contact elements in a bolt shape or as bolts according to a previously described embodiment of the contact element support comprising contact elements.

The rapid-charging system according to the invention comprises a contact apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 10 and a charging contact unit according to any one of claims 11 to 16. Furthermore, the rapid-charging system can also comprise a charging station. In particular, it is not necessarily required that the arrangement of the contact elements on the contact element support and the arrangement of the charging contact elements on the charging contact unit are each on their own the cause for a defined contact order. For instance, the arrangement of the contact elements and the arrangement of the charging contact elements can cause the corresponding contact order, in which case, however, an interaction between the contact apparatus and the charging contact unit or between the contact elements and the charging contact elements must be tuned with regard to their arrangement in such a mariner that the appropriate contact order is achieved.

In the method according to the invention for forming an electrically conductive connection between a vehicle and a stationary charging station, in particular for a rapid-charging system for electrically driven vehicles, such as electric buses or the like, comprising a contact apparatus and a charging contact unit, the contact apparatus is arranged on a vehicle, wherein the contact apparatus comprises a contact device, wherein the contact device is brought into contact with the charging contact unit of the charging station, wherein the contact apparatus or the charging contact unit comprises a positioning device, wherein the contact device is positioned relative to the charging contact unit by means of the positioning device, wherein the contact device has a contact element support comprising contact elements, wherein the contact elements are brought into contact with charging contact elements of the charging contact unit so as to form contact pairs, wherein the contact device and the charging contact unit are joined in such a manner that a defined order is maintained when contact pairs are formed. With respect to the advantageous effects of the method according to the invention, reference is made to the description of advantages of the contact apparatus and of the charging contact unit according to the invention.

In the method, first, a first contact pair can be formed between a first contact element and a first charging contact element before another to contact pair is formed between another contact element and another charging contact element. Apart from that, it may also be envisaged that contact pairs are separated, i.e. interrupted, in the reverse contact order when separating the contact apparatus from the charging contact unit.

Advantageously, first, a protective conductor contact pair can be formed prior to a power contact pair. In this way, it is ensured that potential incorrect contact formations of power contacts cannot lead to potential damage or danger to people.

Furthermore, first, a power contact pair can be formed prior to a control conductor contact pair. After secure formation of the control conductor contact pair, a rapid-charging process can be activated. In this way, even safer contact formation and rapid charging is made possible because electrical energy is conducted via the power contact pairs only when the control conductor contact pair has been formed and allows the rapid-charging process to be controlled and monitored. In this way, a potential spark-over or the like can be avoided when forming the power contact pairs.

Other advantageous embodiments of the method become apparent from the dependent claims, which refer back to independent claims 1 and 10.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the following description, a preferred embodiment of the invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.

In the drawing:

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a rapid-charging system in a lateral view;

FIG. 2 shows the rapid-charging system in a front view;

FIG. 3 shows a charging contact unit of the rapid-charging system in a perspective view;

FIG. 4 shows the charging contact unit in a cross-sectional view;

FIG. 5 shows a contact element support of a contact apparatus of the rapid-charging system in a perspective view;

FIG. 6 shows a sectional view of the contact element support along a line VI-VI of FIG. 9;

FIG. 7 shows a front view of the contact element support;

FIG. 8 shows a lateral view of the contact element support;

FIG. 9 shows a top view of the contact element support;

FIG. 10 shows a transverse guide of the contact apparatus of the rapid-charging system in a perspective view;

FIG. 11 shows a second embodiment of a rapid-charging system in a front view;

FIG. 12 shows a third embodiment of a rapid-charging system in a perspective view;

FIG. 13 shows a third embodiment of the rapid-charging system in a front view;

FIG. 14 shows a fourth embodiment of the rapid-charging system in a top view;

FIG. 15 shows the fourth embodiment of the rapid-charging system in a front view;

FIG. 16 shows the fourth embodiment of the rapid-charging system in a lateral view;

FIG. 17 shows a mounting device in a perspective view;

FIG. 18 shows the mounting device in a lateral view;

FIG. 19 shows the mounting device in a bottom view;

FIG. 20 shows the mounting device in a front view.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A combined view of FIGS. 1 and 2 shows a rapid-charging system 10 composed of a contact apparatus 11 and a charging contact unit 12. A mounting device is not illustrated in this case for reasons of simplicity, but it can be present. The contact apparatus 11 is fixed on a roof of a vehicle or electric bus (not illustrated) via electrically insulated legs 13. The charging contact unit 12 is suspended above the electric bus in the area of a stopping place of the electric bus by means of a suspension device (not illustrated). The contact apparatus 11 comprises a contact device 14, which can make contact with the charging contact unit 12, and a positioning device 15, by means of which the contact device 14 can be positioned relative to the charging contact unit 12. The contact device 14 further comprises a contact element support 16 comprising contact elements 17, which can make contact with charging contact elements 18 of the charging contact unit 12. In the embodiment shown, the positioning device 15 has a swing arm 19, which can be pivoted via a pivot bearing 20 on an attachment frame 21 of the contact apparatus 11.

Furthermore, a linkage 22 of the positioning device 15 is provided, in which a rod 23 of the linkage 22 is connected to a lever 24 of a transverse guide 25 of the positioning device 15. When the swing arm 19 is pivoted about the pivot bearing 20 at a lower end 26 of the swing arm 19, the transverse guide 25, which is arranged at an upper end 27 of the swing arm 19, is always kept in a horizontal position via the linkage 22. Accordingly, the contact element support 16 cannot tilt relative to a horizontal plane 80 during pivoting. The contact element support 16 is arranged on the transverse guide 25 in a freely displaceable manner transversely to a direction of travel, which is indicated by an arrow 28. In this way, it can be ensured that the contact element support 16 can freely align itself relative to a vertical axis 29 of the charging contact unit 12 when the contact element support 16 and the charging contact unit 12 are joined if the contact element support 16 has not been positioned directly flush with the vertical axis 29 during a stop of the electric bus. Even after contact has been made with the charging contact unit 12 by positioning the contact element support 16 in a receiving opening 30 of the charging contact unit 12, the electric bus can be tilted relative to the vertical axis 29 by one-sided lowering, if needed, wherein the contact element support 16 can then be freely displaced on the transverse guide 25 transversely to the direction of travel of the electric bus. In particular, the swing arm 19 is tilted by an angle (not illustrated) relative to the vertical axis 29 during lowering.

A combined view of FIGS. 3 and 4 shows the charging contact unit 12, which is substantially composed of a charging contact element support 31, which is made of a plastic material, and of the charging contact element 18. The charging contact elements 18 themselves are realized as conductor strips 32, 33, 34 and 35 and extend in the longitudinal direction of the charging contact element support 31. Conductor strips 32 and 33 serve to transmit a charging current, conductor strip 34 representing a protective conductor and conductor strip 35 representing a control line. Apart from that, contact tabs 36 to 39 for connection to cables (not illustrated) are provided. The charging contact element support 31 is substantially formed in one piece and has, among other things, reinforcement ribs 40 and attachment ribs 41 having passage openings 42 for suspending the charging contact element support 31 from a pole (not illustrated) or the like. The receiving opening 30 is V-shaped in such a manner that two symmetrical sides 43 are connected to each other via a horizontal bridge 44. The attachment ribs 41 form the bridge 44, among other things, and the reinforcement ribs 40 form the sides 43. Within the receiving opening 30, the charging contact unit 12 forms contact surfaces 45 and 46 for the contact element support 16. Within each of the contact surfaces 45 on the sides 43, recesses 47 are formed for receiving conductor strips 32 and 33, respectively, in a flush manner, recesses 48 and 49 for receiving conductor strips 34 and 35, respectively, in a flush manner being formed within the contact surface 46 of the bridge 44.

A combined view of FIGS. 5 to 9 shows the contact element support 16 in different views. The contact element support is formed V-shaped at an upper end 50 relative with respect to a vertical axis 51 so as to match the receiving opening 30 of the charging contact unit 12. Two positioning surfaces 52 are formed in an inclined manner relative to a horizontal plane 53 and are connected to each other via a horizontal positioning surface 54. Consequently, positioning surfaces 52 can come into contact with contact surfaces 45 and positioning surface 54 can come into contact with contact surface 46. Two contact elements 17 are arranged within each positioning surface 52, which are realized as power contact elements 55 and 56, respectively. In positioning surface 54, two contact elements 17 are arranged, which are realized as a protective conductor contact element 57 and as a control conductor contact element 58. The power contact elements 55 and 56 have electrically conductive bolts 59, the protective conductor contact element 57 has one bolt 60 and the control conductor contact element 58 has one bolt 61. The bolts 59 to 61 are elastically mounted in sleeves 62, 63 and 64, respectively, in a longitudinally mobile manner. In particular bolt 60 protrudes beyond positioning surface 54 at a height H₁, bolts 59 protruding beyond positioning surface 52 at a height H₂ and bolt 61 protruding beyond positioning surface 54 at a height H₃. Height H₁ is greater than height H₂, and height H₂ is greater than height H₃. Due to the different heights H₁ to H₃, a defined contact order of the bolts 59 to 61 with the conductor strips 32 to 35 is inevitably achieved when the contact apparatus 11 and the charging contact 12 are joined or when the contact device 14 is inserted into the receiving opening 30, a first contact pair being formed first between bolt 60 and conductor strip 34, then four second contact pairs being formed with conductor strips 32 and 33 via bolts 59 and finally a third contact pair being formed with bolt 61 and conductor strip 35. When the swing arm 19 is lowered, said contact pairs are separated in the reverse order. Apart from that, the contact device has contact tabs 65, 66 and 67 for connecting lines (not illustrated). Contact tab 65 is connected o sleeve 62, contact tab 66 is connected to sleeve 63 and contact tab 67 is connected to sleeve 64 in an electrically conductive manner. At a lower end 68 of the contact device 14, a bottom plate 69 having sliding legs 70 is arranged. Each of the sliding legs 70 forms a support opening 71 having a sliding surface 72. Via the sliding legs 70, the contact device 14 is connected to the transverse guide 25.

FIG. 10 shows a perspective view of the transverse guide 25 comprising the lever 24 of the linkage 22. Furthermore, a hub 73 for rotatable connection of the transverse guide 25 to the swing arm 19 is provided. The transverse guide 25 is substantially formed by a longitudinal profile 74 that forms guide tracks 76 for the sliding legs 70 along longitudinal edges 75. The guide tracks 76 have a substantially round cross-section, which is formed to match the support opening 71 of the sliding legs 70. A three-quarter circular shape of the support opening 71 can thus ensure that the sliding legs 70 are connected to the guide track 76 in a form-fitting manner and can be displaced along the guide track 76. At each end 77 and 78 of the longitudinal profile 74, stops 79 are attached, which prevent the contact device 14 from being pushed off of the transverse guide 25. The contact device 14 is thus freely displaceable along the entire length of the transverse guide 25 and of the longitudinal profile 74. In particular, if the longitudinal axis 81 of the transverse guide 25 is pivoted about an angle relative to a horizontal plane 80 by one-sided lowering of an electric bus, the longitudinal profile 74, too, is displaced along the longitudinal axis 81 so that the displacement can be compensated by displacing the contact device by the same amount along the guide track 76.

FIG. 11 shows another embodiment of a rapid-charging system 82, which is different from the rapid-charging system described in FIGS. 1 to 10 in that it has a contact device 83 that is quipped with contact elements 84 that are realized as conductor strips 85, 86, 87 and 88. A charging contact unit 89 has charging contact elements 90 that are realized as bolts 91, 92 and 93. A contact can be formed in the same way as described above.

FIGS. 12 and 13 show a third embodiment of a rapid-charging system 94, which is different from the rapid-charging system described in FIGS. 1 to 10 in that it has a bolt 95 as another contact element 17 and a conductor strip 96 as another charging contact element 18. The Bolt 95 forms a locking contact element 97. By way of the locking contact element 97, a secure data connection with a stationary charging station can in particular be produced.

A combined view of FIGS. 14 to 16 shows a fourth embodiment of a rapid-charging system 98 comprising a contact device 99 and a charging contact unit 100 in different views. Furthermore, the rapid-charging system 98 comprises a mounting device 101, which is illustrated in more detail in FIGS. 17 to 20. As shown in FIG. 14, the contact apparatus 99 is arranged on a roof 102 of a vehicle 103 together with the mounting device 101. The charging contact unit 100 is supported on a pole 104 and positioned above the contact apparatus 99. The vehicle 103 is parked at a curb 105, that is parked parallel thereto, a direction of travel of the vehicle 103 being indicated by an arrow 106. The contact apparatus 99 and the mounting device 101 are arranged on a left-side half 107 of the vehicle 103 relative to the direction of travel, where a steering device (not illustrated) for the vehicle 103 is located.

In principle, the rapid-charging system 98 is realized similarly to the rapid-charging system described in FIGS. 1 to 10. In contrast to that rapid-charging system, a linkage 108 comprising two rods 109 is provided in this case. Each of the rods 109 is rotatably connected to levers 110, the levers 110 being permanently connected to a transverse guide 111, which is arranged in a pivotable manner on a swing arm 112 of a positioning device 113. A contact device 114 is arranged on the transverse guide 111 in a freely displaceable manner transversely to the direction of travel of the vehicle 103, a vertical axis 116 of the contact device 114 being vertically positioned in an upper contact position 115, and the vertical axis 116 of the contact device 114 being positioned in a lower mounting position 117 in an inclined manner relative to the roof 102 of the vehicle 103. The swing arm 112 is substantially horizontally oriented.

The mounting device 101 is substantially composed of a base frame 118 for mounting the mounting device 101 on a roof 102 of the vehicle 103 and of a guiding device 119 and a cleaning device 120. The guiding device 119 is made of two curved tube profiles 121, which are curved and arranged in such a manner that a V-shaped receiving opening 122 for the contact device 114 is formed. Furthermore, a linear guide 123 is formed in a vertical direction in the mounting position 117. In particular tube sections 124 of the tube profiles 121 form a guide track 125 for rollers 126 that are arranged on the contact device 114, allowing the rollers 126 to roll on and slide along the guide tracks 125. When being lowered into the mounting position 117, the contact device 114 is centered in the middle of the guiding device 119 in such a manner that the contact device 114 is also centered on the transverse guide 111. When a charging contact unit (not illustrated) is approached, the contact device 114 is then aligned on the transverse guide 111 in such a manner again that the contact device 114 can be introduced into the corresponding charging contact unit.

The cleaning device 120 is substantially composed of a brush 127, which is arranged on the base frame 118 in such a manner that contact elements 128 come into contact with the brush 127 the mounting position 117 and are cleaned by the brush 127 each time they are moved into the mounting position 117 and out of the mounting position 117. 

1. A rapid-charging system for a vehicle having a roof, comprising: a contact apparatus with a contact device adapted to be positioned on the vehicle roof; a stationary charging station including a charging contact unit adapted to form an electrically conductive connection with the contact device; and a positioning device for positioning the contact device relative to the charging contact unit; wherein said charging contact unit comprises charging contact elements for forming contact pairs when joined with contact elements of the contact device, the contact elements being bolt-shaped and elastically mounted on a contact element support, wherein the charging contact elements comprising conductor strips arranged on the charging contact unit relative to the contact elements; wherein the contact element support includes at least two positioning surfaces adapted to match contact surfaces of the charging contact unit for coming into contact with the contact element support; wherein at least two of the contact elements protrude at different heights relative to a surface of the contact element support; wherein the contact device is adapted to be inserted into a receiving opening of the charging contact unit, the receiving opening forming a guide for the contact device when the contact device and the charging contact unit are joined; wherein a punctal contact between the contact elements and the charging elements is formed under spring pre-tension.
 2. The rapid-charging system according to claim 1, wherein the positioning device has a pantograph or a swing arm for positioning the contact device in the vertical direction relative to the charging contact unit.
 3. The rapid-charging system according to claim 1, in which the positioning device has a transverse guide for positioning the contact element support transversely to the charging contact unit.
 4. The rapid-charging system according to claim 3, in which the contact element support is arranged on the transverse guide in a freely displaceable manner.
 5. The rapid-charging system according to claim 1, in which at least one contact element is adapted to be locked to one charging element.
 6. The rapid-charging system according to claim 1, in which the charging contact unit comprises a charging element support for the charging contact elements, wherein the charging contact element support is made of a plastic material.
 7. The rapid-charging system according to claim 1, in which the charging contact unit is realized as a V-shaped longitudinal rail, arranged in a direction of travel of the vehicle.
 8. The rapid-charging system according to claim 1, wherein the contact charging unit is exposed for receiving the contact device along an entire length of the contact charging unit.
 9. A method for forming an electrically conductive connection between a vehicle and a stationary charging station for electrically driven vehicles comprising a contact apparatus and a charging contact unit, wherein the contact apparatus is arranged on a vehicle, wherein the contact apparatus comprises a contact device, said method comprising: bringing a contact device into contact with a charging contact device of the charging station; positioning the contact device relative to the charging contact unit using a positioning device; and bringing contact elements supported on at least two positioning surfaces formed on the contact device configured to mate with a contact surface in the charging contact unit and forming part of the contact device into contact with charging contact elements of the charging contact unit so as to form contact pairs; wherein the contact elements are bolt-shaped and elastically mounted on a contact element support, wherein the charging contact elements comprise conductor strips arranged on the charging contact unit relative to the contact elements; wherein at least two of the contact elements protrude at different heights relative to a surface of the contact element support; wherein the contact device is adapted to be inserted into a receiving opening of the charging contact unit, the receiving opening forming a guide for the contact device when the contact device and the charging contact unit are joined; wherein a punctal contact between the contact elements and the charging elements is formed under spring pre-tension.
 10. The method according to claim 9, including first, forming a first contact pair between a first contact element and a first charging contact element before forming another contact pair between another contact element and another charging contact element.
 11. The method according to claim 9, including first, forming a protective conductor contact pair prior to forming a power contact pair. 